Properties of fresh and hardened concrete pdf free download. Astm c801 98 standard test method for determining the. A total of 22 mixes were studied, twelve of which were devoted to studying the collective effects of rha and rap on the engineering properties of concrete. High strength selfcompacting fibrous concrete hsscfc combines the benefits of scc in the fresh state and shows improved characteristics in the hardened state due to the addition of the fibers and mineral additives.
The fundamental properties of building materials include. Pdf ce8404 concrete technology ct books, lecture notes. Water tightness impermeability rate of strength gain of concrete. Properties of fresh and hardened concrete request pdf. Among hardened concrete properties compressive strength and other mechanical and physical properties of hardened concrete, such as tensile strength, elastic properties, shrinkage, creep, cracking resistance, electrical, thermal, transport and other properties are covered. So water absorption will also be less and better durability.
With the development of new and efficient admixtures for concrete, the production of high strength concrete hsc is becoming available at competitive prices. Astm c80198, standard test method for determining the mechanical properties of hardened concrete under triaxial loads withdrawn 2004, astm international, west conshohocken, pa, 1998, back to top. Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. Standard test method for determining the mechanical. Astm c80198 standard test method for determining the mechanical properties of hardened concrete under triaxial loads. Using rcas affects mechanical properties of concrete, whether compressive strength or splitting tensile strength. In light of these restrictions, a series of standard tests have been proposed. The behavior and properties of hsc are being studied around the world, but one of the.
The strength characteristics correspond mainly with physical properties of hardened. Properties of concrete every civil engineer must know. It is well known that the behaviour of concrete becomes more brittle as its strength increases. In this context, 1 compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength, 2 modulus of elasticity, 3 ultrasonic pulse velocity, 4 schmidt surface. The strength of concrete is designated as the characteristic compressive strength of 150mm cube at the age of 28 days when tested with the universal testing machine in nmm 2. Natural aggregate, hardened concrete properties, watercement ratio, compressive strength, splitting tensile. The density of hardened concrete at 28 days was measured in accordance with astm c642.
The important mechanical properties of building materials are strength,tensile,compressive,bending,elasticity and plasticity. We will discuss different properties of hardened concrete below in details. Mechanical properties of deteriorated hardened cement. Test results indicated that the setting times and the air content of flyash concrete increased as the fly ash replacement level increased. The strength of concrete is basically referred to compressive strength and it depends upon three factors. Many research works went to investigate about concrete properties contains metal and plastic trash, to improve some mechanical properties of concrete in tension and flexural, in addition, to use this trash as an admixture to improve its properties. Astm c80198 standard test method for determining the mechanical properties of hardened concrete under triaxial loads withdrawn 2004 developed by subcommittee.
Workability and related properties of fresh concrete are essential for transport and laying. The current paper presents an experimental study conducted on high strength concrete having a mean compressive strength determined at the age of 28 days of 100 mpa 8, 9. Creep is factored in when concrete structures are designed. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. The reasons for improved properties of hardened concrete were explained as follows. Concrete that is sloppy or wet may be easy to place but will be more difficult to finish. Properties of concrete joseph aspdin 17791835 patented the.
Above 50 mpa, the term high performance concrete is used 50 mpa corresponds to a force of 50 tonnes acting on a square with sides of ten centimetres. Data about using plastic as aggregate were provided only for some of properties, several important properties such as impact resistance, toughness, failure characteristics. Experimental investigation on engineering properties of. Measured concrete compressive strength as a function of the measured cumulative heat release per unit volume of water used to establish a strengthheat release linear relationship dashed line, r. Deterioration induced by ammonium nitrate solution was accompanied by changes in the pore structure as well as structural changes in the csh in the hardened cement paste. Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. Properties of fresh and hardened concrete slideshare. Therefore, when defining some mechanical property it is necessary to specify the test used to determine the value. It controls the longterm behavior, influence fc ultimate strength, ec elastic modulus, creep, and durability. Selfconsolidating concrete scc for infrastructure elements.
Failure mechanisms are then described with focus on cracking in compression, creep and. Thus, strength of concrete is considered to be the most valuable property of hardened concrete. Properties of hardened concrete strength, sjrinkage. Pdf mechanical properties of hardened high strength concrete. This report provides a synopsis of the existing testing methodologies for the determination of mechanical properties of hardened fiberreinforced concrete frc. Mechanical properties of hardened concrete incorporating highly reactive metakaolin. Tests on hardened concrete for quality check of construction. Strength strength of concrete is defined as the max stress it can resist or the max it can carry. Mechanical properties of hardened silica fume concrete p. As basic mechanical properties for characterization of gypsum properties are usually used compressive and bending strength, other mechanical gypsum properties, as youngs modulus, are tested less often 4. Civildigital powerpoint presentations building technology what are properties of hardened concretegoverning factors properties of hardened concrete properties of hardened concrete are explained on the basis of its strength and performance under.
The hardened concrete should possess following properties. What are properties of hardened concretegoverning factors. Pdf properties of fresh and hardened concrete konstantin kovler. This report applies to the mechanical properties of conventionally mixed and placed frc, including fiberreinforced selfconsolidating concrete frscc, or fiberreinforced shotcrete. Main parameters that are used to define the strength of concrete are. Influence of mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete sami elshafie1, mostapha boulbibane2, gareth whittleston3 1, 2 university of bolton, 3 university of salford abstract this research aims to investigate the effect of introducing different mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties of concrete. Fully cured, hardened concrete must be strong enough to withstand the structural and service loads which will be applied to it and must be durable enough to withstand the environmental exposure for which it is designed. It was named portland cement because it looked like the stone quarried on the isle of portland. Fully cured, hardened concrete must be strong enough to withstand the structural and service loads which will be applied to it and must be durable enough to withstand the environmental exposure for which it is intended. Consolidating concrete scc for infrastructure elements. Properties of fresh and hardened concrete sciencedirect. Properties of concrete portland cement association. Mechanical strength, in particular compressive strength.
There are several organizations such as astm, british standards institute bsi, and the canadian standards association. Concrete must has to ensure satisfactory compressive strength and durability. Mechanical properties of the hardened concrete ultra. Review article mechanical characteristics of hardened. Building materials are the basic modules in construction mechanical properties of building materials. Smaller the voids in concrete, it becomes less permeable to water and soluble elements. The slump and density of fresh concrete were assessed in accordance with astm c143c143m12 and astm c8c8m14, respectively. All concrete is porous and absorbent, and will take up or lose moisture if given the opportunity.
Strength is then presented including test description. Data about using plastic as aggregate were provided only for some of properties, several important properties such as. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete depend on the characteristics and the volume fractions of these components19,20. Performance of concrete is evaluated from mechanical properties which include shrinkage and creep, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Strength development of concrete made with highly reactive metakaolin. Hardened concrete in order to determine the physical mechanical properties of mixtures, tests of compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, abrasion resistance, impact resistance and shrinkage were performed. In this paper, based on the reported results in the literature, mechanical characteristics of hardened concrete partially containing mineral admixtures including fly ash fa, silica fume sf, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, metakaolin mk, and rice husk ash rha are discussed and it is concluded that the content and particle. Properties of hardened concrete concrete construction. Owing to its dense microstructure, ultra high performance concrete uhpc has both a high strength and also a greater stiffness expressed by the modulus of elasticity when compared with normal. Generation of heat in controlled concrete and concrete incorporating metakaolin. Quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be assessed, thereby helping in materials selection. The csh is the main component, comprising 60% or more by volume of hardened cement paste, and this study focuses on changes in the chemical structure of csh. Pdf properties of hardened concrete produced by waste marble. This ratio was improved physical and mechanical properties of conventional concrete.
Mechanical properties of concrete using recycled plastic. Properties of hardened concrete produced by waste marble. The properties of concrete mixes were examined in the fresh and hardened states. Summary owing to its dense microstructure, ultra high performance concrete uhpc. Characteristic strength, drying shrinkage, creep, modulus of elasticity, permeability and resistance to chemical attack are. Hardening state after concrete has set it begins to gain strength and harden. We will learn how each properties affect the construction materials. Hardened concrete will have no footprints on it if walked on. Influence of mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties. Hardened mechanical properties and durability performance prepared for missouri department of transportation construction and materials. This report applies to the mechanical properties of conventionally mixed and placed frc, including fiberreinforced selfconsolidating concrete frscc, or fiberreinforced shotcrete frs using steel, glass, polymeric, and natural fibers.
The samples were cured in different conditions in order to study the influence this has on the properties of the concrete. However, there is no direct proportionality between tensile and compressive strength. Routine standard tests for fresh concrete include workability, air. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. As the compressive strength of concrete increases, the tensile strength also increases but at a decreasing rate. Creep does not necessarily cause concrete to fail or break apart. Performance of concrete is evaluated from mechanical properties which include shrinkage and creep, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of. Properties of fresh concrete university of washington. In the future, it can be expected that computational tools allowing for the prediction of the effect of casting on hardened properties will be developed.
Mar 30, 2012 properties of hardened concrete the basic characteristic of concrete, after it has set, is that it is hard. Mechanical properties of hardened high strength concrete. It is mainly due to the binding properties of cement that the ingredients are compacted together. Nevertheless, the c2530 target class of compressive strength is guaranteed. Evolution of mechanical properties of gypsum in time. Pdf hardened properties of selfcompacting concrete. Mix proportions and mechanical properties of concrete. Reinforced concrete reported by aci committee 544 aci 544. Also, there is no unique relationship between mechanical properties obtained from different test. Properties of hardened concrete strength, sjrinkage, creep. It was named portland cement because it looked like the.
Mechanical characteristics of hardened concrete with. As we discussed about physical properties of building materials,today we will learn about the mechanical properties of building materials. Tests were conducted in order to determine the main characteristics of hardened concrete necessary for design. In this paper, based on the reported results in the literature, mechanical characteristics of hardened concrete partially containing mineral admixtures including fly ash fa, silica fume sf, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, metakaolin mk, and rice husk ash rha are discussed and it is concluded that the content and particle size of mineral admixture are the parameters which. Mechanical and durability properties of concrete based on. Typical phases of hardened concrete are represented by. Pdf with the development of new and efficient admixtures for concrete, the production of high strength concrete hsc is becoming available. The objective of the mix design is to assure that the product has speci.
Fresh concrete a hardened concrete among hardened concrete properties compressive strength and other mechanical and physical properties of portland. The properties which determine the quality of the hardened concrete broadly fall into the following three groups. The properties of hardened concrete are strength and durability. Three cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were tested for each trial mix combination at the age of 7, 28, 56, 90 and 365 days of curing using a compression testing machine. Concrete is subjected to changes in volume either autogenous or induced. It is known that other mechanical properties of a concrete can be related to its compressive strength. Fresh and hardened properties of high strength self. Jul 29, 2018 the properties which determine the quality of the hardened concrete broadly fall into the following three groups. The mechanical properties of concrete are highly influenced by its density. Consolidating concrete scc for infrastructure elements report e.
Pdf relation between density and compressive strength of. The compressive strength of concrete cube was determined based on is. Compressive strength of concrete hardened concrete 1a icomat 2011 author. When people say hard, they usually mean strong in compression highcompressive strength. As concrete hardens, its gross volume remains almost unchanged, but hardened concrete contains pores filled with water and air that have no strength. Learning outcome at the end of this lecture, students should be able to understand and explain.
Characteristic strength, drying shrinkage, creep, modulus of elasticity, permeability and resistance to chemical attack are hardened. Hardened concrete has a number of properties, including. A denser concrete generally provides higher strength and fewer amount of voids and porosity. Therefore, mixes are designed on an empirical basis, often with the help of trial mixes. Tests were performed for fresh and hardened concrete properties. Compressive strength the compressive strength of cube specimens was obtained according to the bs. This paper presents the properties of hardened selfcompacting concrete scc and compare them to those reported for normally vibrated concrete nvc. Properties of fresh workability hardened concrete workability,permiablitiy,durablility thermal properties microcracking of concrete mix design rheology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Hardened concrete is also subject to volume change due to changes in its moisture content. Routine standard tests for fresh concrete include workability, air content, and matu rity. Pdf mechanical properties of hardened high strength.
In this paper, based on the reported results in the literature, mechanical characteristics of hardened concrete partially containing mineral admixtures including fly ash fa, silica fume sf, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, metakaolin mk, and rice husk ash rha are discussed and it is concluded that the content and particle size of mineral admixture are the parameters which significantly influence the mechanical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete increase if less water is used in the concrete mix design, however. Properties of hardened concrete are explained on the basis of its strength and performance under various types of force actions and conditions. Rcas porous network has influenced physical properties, such as capillary absorption of water and the porosity accessible to water. Nemati winter quarter 2015 2 cm 425 concrete technology 3 properties of fresh concrete the first 48 hours are very important for the performance of the concrete structure. Cubes, cylinders and prisms are the 3 type of compression test specimens. If the paste has higher binding strength, higher will be strength of. Temperatures elevated above 300 c 572 f degrade the mechanical properties of concrete, including compressive strength, fracture strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus, with respect to deleterious effect on its structural changes. Jan 20, 2014 properties of fresh and hardened concrete. In this chapter, the fresh concrete property such as workability and the hardened properties such. Characteristic strength, drying shrinkage, creep, modulus of elasticity, permeability and resistance to chemical attack are hardened and timedependent properties of concrete that may influence structural performance. Influence of aggregate characteristics on concrete. Volume change is one of the most detrimental properties of concrete, which affects the longterm strength and durability. The properties of concrete hardened concrete containing metakaolin are.
Results obtained show that some properties of high strength concrete are influenced by curing conditions, these properties are highlighted in the paper. The strength of normal concrete varies between 25 and 40 mpa. Flexural tensile test is used to estimate the load at which the concrete members may crack. Effect of moisture content on compressive and split. Properties of concrete joseph aspdin 17791835 patented the clay and limestone.